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                    并发的循环
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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                    竞争条件检测
            
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        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.8" data-path="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                    
                    包和工具
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                    
                    包简介
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                    
                    导入路径
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                    
                    包声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                    
                    导入声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                    
                    包和命名
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                    
                    工具
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                    
                    测试
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                    
                    测试函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                    
                    剖析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                    
                    反射
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                    
                    底层编程
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                    
                    附录
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
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                    附录A：原文勘误
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
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                    附录B：作者译者
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
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                    附录C：译文授权
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
                </a>
            

            
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                                <h2 id="51-&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x58F0;&#x660E;">5.1. &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x58F0;&#x660E;</h2>
<p>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x3001;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x3001;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF08;&#x53EF;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#xFF09;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> name(parameter-list) (result-list) {
    body
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x503C;&#x7531;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3002;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540D;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65E0;&#x540D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E0D;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5B8C;&#x6BD5;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5728;hypot&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> hypot(x, y <span class="hljs-keyword">float64</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">float64</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> math.Sqrt(x*x + y*y)
}
fmt.Println(hypot(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;5&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>x&#x548C;y&#x662F;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x540D;&#xFF0C;3&#x548C;4&#x662F;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x53C2;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;float64&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;
&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x50CF;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x88AB;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x88AB;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x8BE5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x8BE5;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x3002;
&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5728;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4EE5; return&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7ED3;&#x5C3E;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x975E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5230;&#x7ED3;&#x5C3E;&#x5904;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5728;&#x7ED3;&#x5C3E;&#x65F6;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E86;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x6216;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x65E0;&#x9650;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6B63;&#x5982;hypot&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x6216;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x90FD;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;2&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x4EF7;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> f(i, j, k <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, s, t <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>)                 { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> f(i <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, j <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, k <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>,  s <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, t <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span> }
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;4&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x62E5;&#x6709;2&#x4E2A;int&#x578B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;1&#x4E2A;int&#x578B;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;.blank identifier(&#x8BD1;&#x8005;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x5373;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x7684;_&#x7B26;&#x53F7;)&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F3A;&#x8C03;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x672A;&#x88AB;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> add(x <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, y <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>   {<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> x + y}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> sub(x, y <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) (z <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)   { z = x - y; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> first(x <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, _ <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> x }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> zero(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>      { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span> }

fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%T\n&quot;</span>, add)   <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;func(int, int) int&quot;</span>
fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%T\n&quot;</span>, sub)   <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;func(int, int) int&quot;</span>
fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%T\n&quot;</span>, first) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;func(int, int) int&quot;</span>
fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%T\n&quot;</span>, zero)  <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;func(int, int) int&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x548C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E00;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x88AB;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6216;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x3002;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x548C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540D;&#x4E0D;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4EE5;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x4E3A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5B9E;&#x53C2;&#xFF08;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x548C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540D;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x88AB;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x53C2;&#x548C;&#x6709;&#x540D;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x503C;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6700;&#x5916;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x88AB;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x5728;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> math

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Sin(x <span class="hljs-keyword">float64</span>) float <span class="hljs-comment">//implemented in assembly language</span>
</code></pre>

                                
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